宾语补足语和双宾语辨析

巍巍翅膀英语 19小时前 阅读数 11 #教育

一、概念辨析:本质区别与功能定位

1. 宾语补足语(Object Complement)

- 核心定义:补充说明宾语的具体状态、特征或动作(如:She painted the door red. "red"补充说明door的状态)

- 结构特征:动词后接"宾语+补语",补语形式包含不定式、动名词、形容词、介词短语、副词等

- 典型动词:see, hear, make, consider, find等,例:

He made me his successor.

他让我做他的继任者。

May I see you home?

我可不可以送你回家?

My secretary will see you out.

我的秘书会把你送出去。

2. 双宾语(Double Object Structure)

- 核心定义:动词同时带两个宾语,分别接收动作的直接/间接影响(如:

Give your mother the letter.

把信给你母亲。

注:your mother "和" the letter "同为动词"give"的宾语)

- 结构特征:动词后接"间接宾语+直接宾语"或"直接宾语+介词to/for+间接宾语"

- 典型动词:give, send, tell, buy等(例:They sent us a gift.)

疑问环节:

您是否曾在写作中混淆"Teach him to swim"(宾语补足语)和"Teach him swim"(错误结构)?teach是可以接双宾语的:

He teaches them English.

他教他们英语。

He teaches English to advanced students.

他教高年级学生英语。

二、形式对比:5大核心差异点

1. 结构层级差异

- 宾补结构:主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOO)

- 双宾结构:主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOI+DO)

2. 补语类型限制

- 宾补必须为非谓语动词或形容词(如:We elected him president.)

- 双宾语中的直接宾语可为具体事物或抽象概念,间接宾语一般是指人。(如:I gave her confidence.)

3. 介词使用规则

- 双宾语常用介词:to/for(例:He dedicated his life to medicine.)

- 宾补结构禁止使用这类介词(对比错误:She considered him as leader. → 正确:She considered him a leader.)

4. 动词搭配限制

- 宾补常用动词:make, let, see, hear, find, consider等(例:They elected him president.)

- 双宾语常用动词:give, send, tell, buy, show等(例:He showed me his photos.)

5. 语序灵活性

- 双宾语可调换顺序(She gave me a gift = I received a gift from her)

- 宾补结构不可调换(He saw me leave. ≠ He saw leave me.)

疑问环节:

您是否注意到"make sb do sth"和"make sb sth"的区别?前者接宾补(He made me study),后者接双宾(He made me a cake),这种差异如何影响实际应用?

三、实战应用:20组经典案例解析

1. 宾语补足语案例

- She heard the baby cry. (听觉补语)

- They elected him president. (身份补语)

- The teacher taught us to think. (目的补语)

2. 双宾语案例

- The manager gave me a promotion. (职业晋升)

- She sent her mother a birthday card. (情感传递)

- They offered us a job in London. (职业机会)

避错技巧1:

当动词后接"宾语+动词原形"时,需判断是否缺少补语:

✅ 宾补结构:He made me write the report.(强调动作结果)

❌ 错误结构:He made me write report.(缺少宾补)

四、高阶考点:3大易混淆场景

1. 感官动词的特殊用法

- see/see that(宾补)vs see sb do(动作补语)

- 例:I saw him enter the room.(动作补语)

- 例:He saw the door closed.(状态补语)

2. 双宾语与间接宾语介词结构

- 双宾语:She gave him a book.

- 介词结构:She gave a book to him.

- 核心区别:前者强调动作传递,后者侧重动作方向

3. 虚拟语气中的特殊限制

- 宾补结构:I wish you were here.(虚拟)

- 双宾语不可用虚拟:❌ I wish you give me a gift. → ✅ I wish you a happy birthday.

疑问环节:

您是否遇到过"show sb sth"和"show sth to sb"的用法困惑?这两种结构如何影响语义表达?

4. 学术写作避坑指南

- 避免在正式论文中使用口语化结构:"He made me do the experiment" → 改为"the supervisor necessitated the conduct of experimental procedures"

- 双宾语在科技论文中的使用限制:仅限数据传递类场景(例:The team presented the findings to the committee)

5. 商务邮件写作规范

- 推荐使用"assign sb sth"(宾补)而非"assign sb to do sth"(双宾)

- 双宾语适用于:"I will forward the document to your department"

避错技巧2:

当动词后接"宾语+介词短语"时:

- 宾补结构:He found the book interesting.(形容词作补语)

- 双宾语结构:He recommended the book to me.(介词短语作间接宾语)

终极总结与进阶学习路径记忆法

- 宾补结构:动词→宾语→补语(V→O→C)

- 双宾结构:动词→间接宾语→直接宾语(V→IO→DO)

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巍巍翅膀英语

巍巍翅膀英语

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