宾语补足语和双宾语辨析

一、概念辨析:本质区别与功能定位
1. 宾语补足语(Object Complement)
- 核心定义:补充说明宾语的具体状态、特征或动作(如:She painted the door red. "red"补充说明door的状态)
- 结构特征:动词后接"宾语+补语",补语形式包含不定式、动名词、形容词、介词短语、副词等
- 典型动词:see, hear, make, consider, find等,例:
He made me his successor.
他让我做他的继任者。
May I see you home?
我可不可以送你回家?
My secretary will see you out.
我的秘书会把你送出去。
2. 双宾语(Double Object Structure)
- 核心定义:动词同时带两个宾语,分别接收动作的直接/间接影响(如:
Give your mother the letter.
把信给你母亲。
注:your mother "和" the letter "同为动词"give"的宾语)
- 结构特征:动词后接"间接宾语+直接宾语"或"直接宾语+介词to/for+间接宾语"
- 典型动词:give, send, tell, buy等(例:They sent us a gift.)
疑问环节:
您是否曾在写作中混淆"Teach him to swim"(宾语补足语)和"Teach him swim"(错误结构)?teach是可以接双宾语的:
He teaches them English.
他教他们英语。
He teaches English to advanced students.
他教高年级学生英语。
二、形式对比:5大核心差异点
1. 结构层级差异
- 宾补结构:主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOO)
- 双宾结构:主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOI+DO)
2. 补语类型限制
- 宾补必须为非谓语动词或形容词(如:We elected him president.)
- 双宾语中的直接宾语可为具体事物或抽象概念,间接宾语一般是指人。(如:I gave her confidence.)
3. 介词使用规则
- 双宾语常用介词:to/for(例:He dedicated his life to medicine.)
- 宾补结构禁止使用这类介词(对比错误:She considered him as leader. → 正确:She considered him a leader.)
4. 动词搭配限制
- 宾补常用动词:make, let, see, hear, find, consider等(例:They elected him president.)
- 双宾语常用动词:give, send, tell, buy, show等(例:He showed me his photos.)
5. 语序灵活性
- 双宾语可调换顺序(She gave me a gift = I received a gift from her)
- 宾补结构不可调换(He saw me leave. ≠ He saw leave me.)
疑问环节:
您是否注意到"make sb do sth"和"make sb sth"的区别?前者接宾补(He made me study),后者接双宾(He made me a cake),这种差异如何影响实际应用?
三、实战应用:20组经典案例解析
1. 宾语补足语案例
- She heard the baby cry. (听觉补语)
- They elected him president. (身份补语)
- The teacher taught us to think. (目的补语)
2. 双宾语案例
- The manager gave me a promotion. (职业晋升)
- She sent her mother a birthday card. (情感传递)
- They offered us a job in London. (职业机会)
避错技巧1:
当动词后接"宾语+动词原形"时,需判断是否缺少补语:
✅ 宾补结构:He made me write the report.(强调动作结果)
❌ 错误结构:He made me write report.(缺少宾补)
四、高阶考点:3大易混淆场景
1. 感官动词的特殊用法
- see/see that(宾补)vs see sb do(动作补语)
- 例:I saw him enter the room.(动作补语)
- 例:He saw the door closed.(状态补语)
2. 双宾语与间接宾语介词结构
- 双宾语:She gave him a book.
- 介词结构:She gave a book to him.
- 核心区别:前者强调动作传递,后者侧重动作方向
3. 虚拟语气中的特殊限制
- 宾补结构:I wish you were here.(虚拟)
- 双宾语不可用虚拟:❌ I wish you give me a gift. → ✅ I wish you a happy birthday.
疑问环节:
您是否遇到过"show sb sth"和"show sth to sb"的用法困惑?这两种结构如何影响语义表达?
4. 学术写作避坑指南
- 避免在正式论文中使用口语化结构:"He made me do the experiment" → 改为"the supervisor necessitated the conduct of experimental procedures"
- 双宾语在科技论文中的使用限制:仅限数据传递类场景(例:The team presented the findings to the committee)
5. 商务邮件写作规范
- 推荐使用"assign sb sth"(宾补)而非"assign sb to do sth"(双宾)
- 双宾语适用于:"I will forward the document to your department"
避错技巧2:
当动词后接"宾语+介词短语"时:
- 宾补结构:He found the book interesting.(形容词作补语)
- 双宾语结构:He recommended the book to me.(介词短语作间接宾语)
终极总结与进阶学习路径记忆法
- 宾补结构:动词→宾语→补语(V→O→C)
- 双宾结构:动词→间接宾语→直接宾语(V→IO→DO)

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